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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Collectio Quesnelliana''}} | {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Collectio Quesnelliana''}} | ||
{{Infobox collection | {{Infobox collection | ||
| century | | century = saec. V<sup>ex</sup>-VI<sup>in</sup> | ||
| wikidata = Q16827374 | | wikidata = Q16827374 | ||
| title | | title = Collectio Quesnelliana | ||
| alttitle3 = | | alttitle3 = Quesnel’sche Sammlung (Maassen) | ||
| alttitle2 = Collectio Quesneliana (Schwartz) | | alttitle2 = Collectio Quesneliana (Schwartz) | ||
| author1 | | author1 = [[User:Christof Rolker|Christof Rolker]] | ||
| mss = many (10 to 99) | | author2 = [[User:Matthias Simperl|Matthias Simperl]] | ||
| mss = many (10 to 99) | |||
| generalregion = Gaul or Italy | | generalregion = Gaul or Italy | ||
| tpq = 494 | | tpq = 494 | ||
| alttitle1 = Codex canonum et constitutorum Sedis apostolicae (Quesnel) | | alttitle1 = Codex canonum et constitutorum Sedis apostolicae (Quesnel) | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 16: | Line 17: | ||
The ''Quesnelliana'' (after Pasquier Quesnel, the first editor) is one of the earliest canonical collections from Western Europe, probably dating from around the year 500. The collection contains mainly dogmatic texts, including many letters of Leo the Great. The extensive collection had some influence in the early Middle Ages, especially in Gaul. | The ''Quesnelliana'' (after Pasquier Quesnel, the first editor) is one of the earliest canonical collections from Western Europe, probably dating from around the year 500. The collection contains mainly dogmatic texts, including many letters of Leo the Great. The extensive collection had some influence in the early Middle Ages, especially in Gaul. | ||
== Sources, content and structure == | ==Sources, content and structure== | ||
The collection is divided into 98 chapters (''capitula''), each of which contains several canons; the ''capitulatio'' lists all 98 titles. The first five chapters are from ecumenical as well as African councils (cap. 1 contains the Creed of Nicaea, the list of bishops, the preface and the 27 canons of this council). The middle part of the ''Quesnelliana'' (cap. 6-57) consists of conciliar canons, decretals, imperial constitutions and edicts, episcopal letters, and excerpts from the Church Fathers on dogmatic questions (Christology, Council of Chalcedon, Acacian Schism, Pelagianism). Chapters 58-98 are letters of Leo the Great on questions of dogma and discipline, including the so-called ''Tomus'' (JK 423). | The collection is divided into 98 chapters (''capitula''), each of which contains several canons; the ''capitulatio'' lists all 98 titles. The first five chapters are from ecumenical as well as African councils (cap. 1 contains the Creed of Nicaea, the list of bishops, the preface and the 27 canons of this council). The middle part of the ''Quesnelliana'' (cap. 6-57) consists of conciliar canons, decretals, imperial constitutions and edicts, episcopal letters, and excerpts from the Church Fathers on dogmatic questions (Christology, Council of Chalcedon, Acacian Schism, Pelagianism). Chapters 58-98 are letters of Leo the Great on questions of dogma and discipline, including the so-called ''Tomus'' ({{JK|423}}). | ||
The individual chapters are dedicated to a theme or taken from one formal source, but are themselves arranged neither thematically nor chronologically. Predominantly, the ''Quesnelliana'' contains materials intended to strengthen Leo I's position in the conflicts surrounding the Acacian Schism. | The individual chapters are dedicated to a theme or taken from one formal source, but are themselves arranged neither thematically nor chronologically. Predominantly, the ''Quesnelliana'' contains materials intended to strengthen Leo I's position in the conflicts surrounding the Acacian Schism. | ||
The ''Quesnelliana'' uses Latin translations of the Greek councils, which are older than those of Dionysius Exiguus and the Prisca translation. | The ''Quesnelliana'' uses Latin translations of the Greek councils, which are older than both those of Dionysius Exiguus and the Prisca translation. | ||
For a complete catalogue of all elements of the ''Quesnelliana'', see {{Author|Maassen}}, Geschichte pp. {{Maassen|494}}–500 and {{Author|Elliot}}, Canon Law pp. 214-218. | |||
==Date and place of origin== | |||
There was considerable controversy on the place of origin from the 16th to the 19th century. Quesnel claimed without convincing reasons that the collection was to be understood as a law book of the Roman Church and therefore originated in Rome. The Ballerini brothers and later Maassen assumed, on the basis of the origin of the manuscripts, that the ''Quesnelliana'' was from Gaul. Duchesne (followed by Turner) adopted Arles as the home of the collection. Following Turner, Van der Speeten has pointed to parallels with the ''[[Collectio Dionysiana I|Dionysiana]]'' and argued that the former collection was indeed a source of the latter, in which case an Italian (Roman) home for the ''Quesnelliana'' would be likely. In addition, Hubert Wurm contributed several arguments in favour of a Roman origin. | |||
The exact dating is also uncertain. The most recent piece is the ''Generale decretum'' ({{JK|636}}) of Gelasius I from 494. It is generally assumed that the ''Quesnelliana'' was written during this pope's lifetime (so before 496). However, a later date cannot be ruled out. | |||
== Reception == | ==A Three-Chapter-Version of the ''Quesnelliana''?== | ||
Three manuscripts belonging to the ''Quesnelliana'' tradition - [[Paris, BnF, lat. 1454]], [[Paris, BnF, lat. 1458|lat. 1458]], and [[Paris, BnF, lat. 3842A|lat. 3842A]] - transmit an appendix (the [[Appendix in BnF lat. 1454]]) that contains a collection of canonical texts dating from the fifth century onwards. Although the current form of this appendix does not predate the eighth century, it is possible that an earlier, shorter version originated in the context of the Italian Three Chapters schism. The the appendix opens with a somewhat enigmatic text concerning the differing lifestyles of monks and laypeople, which has neither been edited nor studied to date (an edition is currently being prepared at the University of Augsburg). It is followed by two spurious writings (''Damnatio Vigilii'' and a forged letter of Leo the Great to Theodoret of Cyrus). These can be readily associated with Northern Italian opponents of the Roman Church’s acceptance of the condemnation of the Three Chapters. The potential reception and use of the ''Collectio Quesnelliana'' in Northern Italy during the Lombard period merits further scholarly investigation. | |||
==Reception== | |||
For manuscripts, see [[:Category:Manuscript of Collectio Quesnelliana]] (number of entries: {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Manuscript of Collectio Quesnelliana}}). | For manuscripts, see [[:Category:Manuscript of Collectio Quesnelliana]] (number of entries: {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Manuscript of Collectio Quesnelliana}}). | ||
{{Author|Kéry}} pp. {{Kéry|27}}-28 lists the following manuscripts: | |||
* [[Arras, | *[[Arras, BM, 644 (CGM 572)]], saec. VIII-IX, probably Northeastern France or Northwestern Austrasia | ||
* [[Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, Codex 191]], saec. VIII-IX, probably Northeastern France or Northwestern Austrasia | *[[Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, Codex 191]], saec. VIII-IX, probably Northeastern France or Northwestern Austrasia | ||
* [[Oxford, Oriel College | *[[Oxford, Oriel College, 42]], saec. XII (William of Malmesbury!) | ||
* [[Paris, BnF, lat. 1454]], saec. | *[[Paris, BnF, lat. 1454]], saec. IX<sup>3/4</sup> | ||
* [[Paris, BnF, lat. 3842A]], saec. IX | *[[Paris, BnF, lat. 3842A]], saec. IX | ||
* [[Paris, BnF, lat. 3848A]], saec. IX | *[[Paris, BnF, lat. 3848A]], saec. IX | ||
* [[Wien, ÖNB, Cod. 2141]], about 780, from the region around Lorsch | *[[Wien, ÖNB, Cod. 2141]], about 780, from the region around Lorsch | ||
* [[Wien, ÖNB, Cod. 2147]], about 780, from the region around Lorsch | *[[Wien, ÖNB, Cod. 2147]], about 780, from the region around Lorsch | ||
* [[Düsseldorf, ULB, E.32]], fragment | *[[Düsseldorf, ULB, E.32]], fragment | ||
In addition, {{author|Petoletti}} reported a fragment (four leaves) of a ninth-century copy ([[Milano, Archivio Capitolare, Perg. sec. XI no 126c]]). The surviving remnants of an earlier ''Quesnelliana'' manuscript are now preserved in [[Paris, BnF, lat. 1458]] (saec. IX<sup>1/2</sup>), see {{author|Stüber}}. See also [[Paris, BnF, lat. 1455]] for a collection drawing on the ''Quesnelliana'', and [[Città del Vaticano, BAV, Vat. lat. 4982|BAV, lat. 4982]] for a 16th century copy of excerpts. For lost manuscripts and excerpts, see also {{Author|Elliot}}, Canon Law pp. 224-225. | |||
In all three ninth-century copies preserved in the BnF, the ''Quesnelliana'' is followed by an appendix including the ''[[Scintillae de canonibus]]'' (see {{author|Stüber}}). See [[Appendix in Paris BnF lat. 1454]] for details. | |||
The surviving manuscripts mainly come from Francia and were produced in the eighth and ninth centuries. The collection was also used in the Frankish Empire, namely at the Council of Verneuil in 755. {{Author|Elliot}}, Canon Law pp. 225- made a case that the ''Quesnelliana'' was known and used in Anglo-Saxon England, and following {{Author|McKitterick}} has pointed at the insular elements in several of the extant manuscripts. | |||
== Editions == | ==Editions== | ||
* {{Author|Quesnel}}'s editio princeps of 1675: https://archive.org/details/quesnel-1675-appendix-ii/page/n8/mode/1up | *{{Author|Quesnel}}'s editio princeps of 1675: https://archive.org/details/quesnel-1675-appendix-ii/page/n8/mode/1up | ||
* The {{Author|Ballerini}} edition of 1757: https://archive.org/details/sanctileonismagn03leoi/page/n338/mode/1up | *The {{Author|Ballerini}} edition of 1757: https://archive.org/details/sanctileonismagn03leoi/page/n338/mode/1up | ||
** {{Author|Migne}}'s reprint thereof: https://archive.org/details/patrologiaecurs151unkngoog/page/n184/mode/1up | **{{Author|Migne}}'s reprint thereof: https://archive.org/details/patrologiaecurs151unkngoog/page/n184/mode/1up | ||
== Literature == | ==Literature== | ||
{{Author|Maassen}}, Geschichte pp. {{Maassen|486}}–500; Joseph {{Author|van der Speeten}}: Le dossier de Nicée dans la Quesnelliana, in: Sacris erudiri, 28 | {{Author|Maassen}}, Geschichte pp. {{Maassen|486}}–500; {{Author|Wurm}}, Studien; Rudolf {{author|Schieffer}}, Zur Beurteilung des norditalienischen Dreikapitel-Schismas. Eine überlieferungsgeschichtliche Studie, in: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 87 (1976), pp. 167-201; Joseph {{Author|van der Speeten}}: Le dossier de Nicée dans la Quesnelliana, in: Sacris erudiri, 28 (1985) pp. 383–450; {{Author|Kéry}}, Collections pp. {{Kery|27}}–29; {{Author|Jasper}}, Beginning pp. {{JasperFuhrmann|41}}-64; {{Author|Elliot}}, [https://www.academia.edu/4591285/Canon_Law_Collections_in_England_ca_600_1066_The_Manuscript_Evidence Canon Law]; Marco {{author|Petoletti}}, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20862088 Un frammento del sec. IX della "Collectio Quesnelliana" nell'Archivio Capitolare della Basilica di S. Ambrogio a Milano]. In: Aevum vol. 82 (2008) pp. 293-312; {{Author|Stüber}}, [https://doi.org/10.1515/fmst-2022-0002 Scintillae de canonibus]; {{Author|Vanspauwen}}, [https://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/5836/ Review of Hoskin]. | ||
[[Category:Collection not in Clavis database]] | |||
[[Category:Collection saec V]] | |||
[[Category:Collection saec VI]] | |||
[[Category:Collection of which the place of origin is unknown or missing]] | |||
[[Category:Collection from Southern Europe and Mediterranean]] | [[Category:Collection from Southern Europe and Mediterranean]] | ||
[[Category:Canonical Collection]] | |||
[[Category:Pre-Gratian Collection]] | |||
[[Category:Pre-Gratian Collection containing papal letters]] | |||
[[Category:Letter Collection]] | |||
[[Category:Collection in Maassen]] | |||
Latest revision as of 13:42, 28 November 2025
| Title | Collectio Quesnelliana |
|---|---|
| Key | ? |
| Alternative title | Codex canonum et constitutorum Sedis apostolicae (Quesnel) |
| Alternative title | Collectio Quesneliana (Schwartz) |
| Alternative title | Quesnel’sche Sammlung (Maassen) |
| Wikidata Item no. | Q16827374 |
| Terminus post quem | 494 |
| Century | saec. Vex-VIin |
| General region of origin | Gaul or Italy |
| Author | Christof Rolker |
| Author | Matthias Simperl |
| No. of manuscripts | many (10 to 99) |
The Quesnelliana (after Pasquier Quesnel, the first editor) is one of the earliest canonical collections from Western Europe, probably dating from around the year 500. The collection contains mainly dogmatic texts, including many letters of Leo the Great. The extensive collection had some influence in the early Middle Ages, especially in Gaul.
Sources, content and structure
The collection is divided into 98 chapters (capitula), each of which contains several canons; the capitulatio lists all 98 titles. The first five chapters are from ecumenical as well as African councils (cap. 1 contains the Creed of Nicaea, the list of bishops, the preface and the 27 canons of this council). The middle part of the Quesnelliana (cap. 6-57) consists of conciliar canons, decretals, imperial constitutions and edicts, episcopal letters, and excerpts from the Church Fathers on dogmatic questions (Christology, Council of Chalcedon, Acacian Schism, Pelagianism). Chapters 58-98 are letters of Leo the Great on questions of dogma and discipline, including the so-called Tomus (JK 423).
The individual chapters are dedicated to a theme or taken from one formal source, but are themselves arranged neither thematically nor chronologically. Predominantly, the Quesnelliana contains materials intended to strengthen Leo I's position in the conflicts surrounding the Acacian Schism.
The Quesnelliana uses Latin translations of the Greek councils, which are older than both those of Dionysius Exiguus and the Prisca translation.
For a complete catalogue of all elements of the Quesnelliana, see Maassen, Geschichte pp. 494–500 and Elliot, Canon Law pp. 214-218.
Date and place of origin
There was considerable controversy on the place of origin from the 16th to the 19th century. Quesnel claimed without convincing reasons that the collection was to be understood as a law book of the Roman Church and therefore originated in Rome. The Ballerini brothers and later Maassen assumed, on the basis of the origin of the manuscripts, that the Quesnelliana was from Gaul. Duchesne (followed by Turner) adopted Arles as the home of the collection. Following Turner, Van der Speeten has pointed to parallels with the Dionysiana and argued that the former collection was indeed a source of the latter, in which case an Italian (Roman) home for the Quesnelliana would be likely. In addition, Hubert Wurm contributed several arguments in favour of a Roman origin.
The exact dating is also uncertain. The most recent piece is the Generale decretum (JK 636) of Gelasius I from 494. It is generally assumed that the Quesnelliana was written during this pope's lifetime (so before 496). However, a later date cannot be ruled out.
A Three-Chapter-Version of the Quesnelliana?
Three manuscripts belonging to the Quesnelliana tradition - Paris, BnF, lat. 1454, lat. 1458, and lat. 3842A - transmit an appendix (the Appendix in BnF lat. 1454) that contains a collection of canonical texts dating from the fifth century onwards. Although the current form of this appendix does not predate the eighth century, it is possible that an earlier, shorter version originated in the context of the Italian Three Chapters schism. The the appendix opens with a somewhat enigmatic text concerning the differing lifestyles of monks and laypeople, which has neither been edited nor studied to date (an edition is currently being prepared at the University of Augsburg). It is followed by two spurious writings (Damnatio Vigilii and a forged letter of Leo the Great to Theodoret of Cyrus). These can be readily associated with Northern Italian opponents of the Roman Church’s acceptance of the condemnation of the Three Chapters. The potential reception and use of the Collectio Quesnelliana in Northern Italy during the Lombard period merits further scholarly investigation.
Reception
For manuscripts, see Category:Manuscript of Collectio Quesnelliana (number of entries: 11).
Kéry pp. 27-28 lists the following manuscripts:
- Arras, BM, 644 (CGM 572), saec. VIII-IX, probably Northeastern France or Northwestern Austrasia
- Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek, Codex 191, saec. VIII-IX, probably Northeastern France or Northwestern Austrasia
- Oxford, Oriel College, 42, saec. XII (William of Malmesbury!)
- Paris, BnF, lat. 1454, saec. IX3/4
- Paris, BnF, lat. 3842A, saec. IX
- Paris, BnF, lat. 3848A, saec. IX
- Wien, ÖNB, Cod. 2141, about 780, from the region around Lorsch
- Wien, ÖNB, Cod. 2147, about 780, from the region around Lorsch
- Düsseldorf, ULB, E.32, fragment
In addition, Petoletti reported a fragment (four leaves) of a ninth-century copy (Milano, Archivio Capitolare, Perg. sec. XI no 126c). The surviving remnants of an earlier Quesnelliana manuscript are now preserved in Paris, BnF, lat. 1458 (saec. IX1/2), see Stüber. See also Paris, BnF, lat. 1455 for a collection drawing on the Quesnelliana, and BAV, lat. 4982 for a 16th century copy of excerpts. For lost manuscripts and excerpts, see also Elliot, Canon Law pp. 224-225.
In all three ninth-century copies preserved in the BnF, the Quesnelliana is followed by an appendix including the Scintillae de canonibus (see Stüber). See Appendix in Paris BnF lat. 1454 for details.
The surviving manuscripts mainly come from Francia and were produced in the eighth and ninth centuries. The collection was also used in the Frankish Empire, namely at the Council of Verneuil in 755. Elliot, Canon Law pp. 225- made a case that the Quesnelliana was known and used in Anglo-Saxon England, and following McKitterick has pointed at the insular elements in several of the extant manuscripts.
Editions
- Quesnel's editio princeps of 1675: https://archive.org/details/quesnel-1675-appendix-ii/page/n8/mode/1up
- The Ballerini edition of 1757: https://archive.org/details/sanctileonismagn03leoi/page/n338/mode/1up
- Migne's reprint thereof: https://archive.org/details/patrologiaecurs151unkngoog/page/n184/mode/1up
Literature
Maassen, Geschichte pp. 486–500; Wurm, Studien; Rudolf Schieffer, Zur Beurteilung des norditalienischen Dreikapitel-Schismas. Eine überlieferungsgeschichtliche Studie, in: Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 87 (1976), pp. 167-201; Joseph van der Speeten: Le dossier de Nicée dans la Quesnelliana, in: Sacris erudiri, 28 (1985) pp. 383–450; Kéry, Collections pp. 27–29; Jasper, Beginning pp. 41-64; Elliot, Canon Law; Marco Petoletti, Un frammento del sec. IX della "Collectio Quesnelliana" nell'Archivio Capitolare della Basilica di S. Ambrogio a Milano. In: Aevum vol. 82 (2008) pp. 293-312; Stüber, Scintillae de canonibus; Vanspauwen, Review of Hoskin.
