Collectio X partium

A first draft of the first part of what would become the Collectio X partium was made sometime before 1110 at Thérouanne, presumably by John of Warneton. This draft, found only in the Ms Paris, BN lat. 210 14145, contains on folios 1–14 the capitulation of the first part and canons 1. 1. 1–1. 5. 1. The text is a fragment ending with fol. 14. Perhaps the compiler broke off his work at that point because he began to receive material not available to him when the draft was begun. In the capitulation of the draft those parts of the rubrics in the capitulation are missing which refer in other copies of the Collectio X partium to the decrees of the councils Poitiers (1100) and Toulouse (1119). All other copies of the collection contain canons not only from those councils, but also from the first Lateran council of Calixtus II in 1123. This final version will have been completed by the person responsible for the prologue Voluntati vestre reverentissime. The dedication in the prologue is to a most reverent father who may have been the recently deceased John of Warneton. The author of this final version may have been the archdeacon Walter of Thérouanne as has been speculated, although there is no concrete evidence. The most recent version of the Collectio X Partium is that in the Ms Paris, BN lat. 10743. It contains the decrees of the council held at Reims in 1131.

The manuscript used as the basis for the present analysis is Florence, BN Conventi soppressi D. 2. 1476 (ZE). The additions in the Ms Paris 10743 are also registered (ZF) because so much recent research has been based on this copy. The Ms Florence was collated with the Ms Paris 10743.

The main source of the collection is the Panormia. The table of contents is almost the same except for part 4.

Prima pars continet de fide, de quibusdam heresibus, de baptismo, de ministerio baptizandorum, de confectione crismatis et erogacione, de confirmacione, de sacramento corporis et sanguinis Domini, de eucharistie oblacione et percepcione, de sacrorum vasorum veneracione.

Secunda pars continet de constitucione ecclesie, de oblacionibus fidelium, de dedicatione ecclesiarum, de sepultura, de consecracione altarium et quomodo ecclesie a presbiteris possideantur, de decimis, de legitima possessione, de confugientibus ad ecclesiam, de sacrilegio, de libertis et rebus ecclesie et horum alienatione, de scripturis et conciliis autenticis et apocrifis, de consuetudinibus, De ieiuniis et elemosinis.

Tercia pars continet de electione et consecratione pape et episcoporum, de probacione et ordinacione, de quibusdam diversis ex causis ordinandis vel non ordinandis, de mutatione ordinatorum, de ordinatist non reordinandis, de continentia eorum, de symoniacis, de hereticis, de lapsis in sacris ordinibus, de clericis homicidis, usurariis, de servis 211 ignoranter ordinatis, de clericis viciosis, de abbatibus et monachis, de virginibus et viduis velatis et abbatissis.

Quarta pars continet de regula beati Augustini et eius observacione, de archiepiscopis et episcopis ordinandis, de expulsis, de ignotis, de discordibus, quid in ecclesiis, quid per parochias agant, de ministris eorum, quomodo principibus concordent et malos cohibeant, de rebus, de sobrietate, de paupertate, de libertate, de testibus episcoporum, de defunctis episcopis, de rebus episcopalibus et ecclesiasticis, de presbiteris et clericis ubi et quomodo vivant et alios doceant, de possessionibus eorundem defunctorum.

Quinta pars continet de primatu et dignitate Romane ecclesie, de conciliis convocandis, de provincia constituenda, de potestate primatuum et metropolitanorum, de negociis clericorum ubi tractentur, de spoliatis reinvestiendis, de accusatione quo ordine, a quibus personis et adversus quas personas debeat vel non debeat fieri, de testibus qui et quomodo et quot et in quo negocio testificari debeant vel non, de induciis quando et quamdiu dande sunt, de subterfugientibus quamdiu et qua ratione expectentur, de iudicibus quales esse debeant et quando iudicium proferant, de appellacione quando et quomodo fiat et de male appellantibus, de electis iudicibus, de dampnatis episcopis et clericis, de diffinitis.

Sexta pars continet qualiter purgentur clerici infamia tantum accusati, de causis et negociis laicorum, de potestate ligandi et solvendi, de vocatione excommunicandorum, de excommunicatione, de absolucione, de illis qui excommunicatis fidelitate aut sacramento astricti sunt, de hereticis post mortem excommunicandis et quod sit communicandum non nominatim excommunicatis, de illicita et iniusta ac precipiti excommunicatione.

Septima pars continet de nupciis quo tempore et inter quas personas et qua de causa debeant fieri, de tribus que perfectum reddunt coniugium, de perfecto et imperfecto coniugio, de concubinis, de coniugibus quorum alter sine altero continenciam vovit vel religionis habitum sumpsit, de uxoribus quae viris captivis aliis nupserunt. Quod sit coniugium inter personas eiusdem religionis, hoc est inter gentiles et inter Iudeos. Quibus de causis non sit solvendum coniugium. Que coniunctio non facit coniugium, de separatione coniugii non ob causam fornicationis.

Octava pars continet de coniugio nisi ob fornicationem non solvendo, de fornicatione cum sororibus et consanguineis et ne quisquam prius adulteraverit uxorem ducat, de interfectoribus coniugum suarum, 212 de adulterio, de Lothario et Thietberga, de fornicatione spirituali, de reconciliatione coniugum, de sacramentis excusationis separationis et reconciliationis, de subiectione ab uxoribus viris exhibenda. Quare et qui coniungi prohibeantur vel iubeantur, de consanguinitate et eius numeratione et observatione et probatione, accusatione, computacione vel inquisitione, de gradibus eius recto et transverso ordine dispositis.

Nona pars continet de homicidiis, de his qui seipsos, episcopos vel alios ecclesiasticos occiderint, de parricidis et coniugum ac penitentum interfectoribus, de homicidiis sponte et non sponte vel consilio factis, de eo qui mulierem pregnantem percusserit et abortierit. Quod quaedam homicidia sine peccato fiant. De incantacionibus et divinationibus et diverso genere magice artis, de natura demonum, de sortibus, de observatione dierum et mensium, de octo generibus mendacii, de iuramentis observandis vel non et inlegitimis, de exactione iuramenti et fallacia, de iuramentis quibusdam et de comitibus iurisiurandi, de omni genere mendacii.

Decima pars continet de penitencia et penitentibus et de discretione inter eos habenda. Quomodo clerici peniteant et de confessione peccatorum et de satisfactione ac reconciliacione, de maioribus culpis et minoribus et de penitentibus in extremis et de emendatione omnium criminum et redemptione ieiuniorum.

The first draft of the collection, in the Ms Paris 14145, begins with the prologue to the Panormia and a description of the contents of the parts modelled on the description in that collection. This description does not correspond to the eight parts of the Panormia, however; it describes nine parts. Parts 1–3 of both the first draft and the final form correspond to parts 1 through 3 of the Panormia, parts 5 through 9 to parts 4 through 8. Part 4 in both the first draft and the final form is not in the Panormia. It regulates the behavior of canons regular. It begins with excerpts from the regula beati Augustini. Ivo had encouraged the institution of canons in practice, but the collections attributed to him contain little especially intended for them. It should be noted in this regard that canon 2. 5. 2. 2 in the Collectio X partium (Quicumque vult exheredato filio) has the inscription Augustinus in regulis canonicorum. In other collections it has the inscription Augustinus de vita et moribus clericorum. The final form of the Collectio X librorum would add a tenth part on penance.

The first draft in the Ms Paris differs from the final form in another way. The second prologue, Voluntati vestre reverentissime … et 213 redemptione ieiuniorum, which is found in the final form of the collection, is missing. It is this prologue which begins (citing here the translation of Somerville/Brasington): „As far as I was able, most reverend father, I obeyed your will, and having surveyed with diligent curiosity libraries of many churches, at different points I collected decisions of the holy Fathers from the acts of councils, the decrees of the Roman pontiffs, and also from the treatises of illustrious and orthodox men. I brought that same collection together in this volume, in an ordered arrangement“. The author of the prologue continues, saying he has separated the whole volume into ten parts, which means he is not referring to the form in Ms Paris 14145.

This collection, like the Sangermanensis, belongs to the category of collections called „living texts“. This means that space was left at the end of each part for additional canons. The end of each part in the original version is almost always indicated with an explicit. This kind of collection is found most often where bishops, deacons and abbots were made papal delegate judges. In the 1st part of the Ms Florence the notation explicit comes after canon 60. 3. Two canons are added. In the 2nd part of the Ms Florence the notation explicit comes after canon 61. 1. 5. Three canons are added, and in the Ms Paris 10743 they are followed by four decrees of the council of Reims 1131. The last canon in part three is 66. 2. In the Ms Florence six canons are added, and in the Ms Paris they are followed by a decree of the council of Agde and seven decrees from the council of Reims 1131. The last canon of part four is 52.2. In the Ms Florence sixteen canons are added, and in the Ms Paris a text attributed to Saint Paul and a decree from the council of Reims 1131 are added. The last canon of the fifth part is 30. 2. In the Ms Florence three canons are added, one of them from the Liber de XII gradibus humilitatis of Bernard of Clairvaux. The Ms Paris adds three more, one of them taken from a letter of pope Paschal II to Manasses, archbishop of Reims (JL 5995). The last canon in part six is 24. 1. The Ms Paris adds one canon. The last canon in part seven is 27. 3. The Ms Paris adds two excerpts from letters of pope Urban II. There is no explicit notation in book eight. The Ms Paris contains, however, two excerpts from a letter of Paschal II to John of Thérouanne (JL 6543) which are not in the Ms Florence: Latore presentium and Sane coniunctiones. Uta-Renate Blumenthal has pointed out that whereas collections compiled in northern Europe contain the decretals of Paschal, his conciliar decrees dominate in collections compiled in Italy. 214

Each part of the Collectio X partium begins with a capitulatio. Each rubric in the capitulatio names several topics. These topics are numbered, not with Arabic or Roman numbers, but with configurations of dots. The first topic has one dot, the second two dots, etc. The rubric Quid de veteribus vasis fiat et qua causa licite erogentur et a quibus consecrentur, for example, has one dot above quid de veteribus vasis fiat, a configuration of two dots above et qua causa licite erogentur and a configuration of three dots above et qua. These dots are found at the appropriate place in the text of the collection. Unfortunately the scribes were not always exact in placing the dots and there are differences between the copies. In the data bank the presence of a configuration is signaled with an asterisk and the number of dots is specified with Arabic numerals.

Literature:

For the manuscripts and the prologue see Brasington, Studies in the Nachleben of Ivo of Chartres, pp. 63–85, here 64–70. The prologue Voluntati vestre reverentissime was edited using the Ms Vienna ÖNB 2178 by Augustin Theiner, Disquisitiones criticae (Rome 1836), pp. 166–168 n. 8. It was edited again by Valentin Rose using the Ms Berlin, SBPK 95 (Phill. 1746) in: Die Meerman-Handschriften des Sir Thomas Phillipps (Die Handschriften-Verzeichnisse der Königlichen Bibliothek zu Berlin 12, 1, Berlin 1893), pp. 207–210. For a translation into English see Somerville and Brasington, Prefaces, pp. 158–164. – On the decretals and conciliar canons of pope Paschal II see Blumenthal, Conciliar Canons and Manuscripts, pp. 373 f. Eadem, The Early Councils, p. 19. – For the manuscripts see Robert Somerville, The Council of Beauvais 1114, Traditio 24 (1968), pp. 498–501. Idem, The canons of Reims (1131), BMCL 5 (1985), p. 123; Idem, The Councils of Pope Calixtus II and the Collection in Ten Parts, BMCL 11 (1981), pp. 80–86. Idem, Pope Urban II, p. 205 f. – Kéry, Canonical Collections, pp. 263–264.